Offre en lien avec l’Action/le Réseau : – — –/Doctorants
Laboratoire/Entreprise : Laboratoire d’Informatique, de Modélisation et d
Durée : 36 mois
Contact : maxime.lefrancois@emse.fr
Date limite de publication : 2020-07-31
Contexte :
Content negotiation on the Web allows a data consumer (client) to tell a data provider (server) what it expects in terms of format, language, encoding, security [Fie14]. In return, the server provides data that meets these expectations when it can, or indicates an alternative, for example, that the same information resource is available in another format. However, even when the client’s request is satisfied, this does not mean that the client is able to interpret the data correctly. For example, for the same data format, several forms, structures or schemas may exist. The customer may wish to obtain data that conforms to conventional terminology and has certain logical and structural properties.
In particular, in applications that rely on Semantic Web technologies, such as RDF and OWL, an application could expect graph-based data that conform to a specific ontology [Obr03], or that fit a certain data shape, or that is compatible with a given entailment regime [Gli13], [Zim13]. In environments such as the Web of Things, strong constraints may impose requirements on the server or client side due to processing power, bandwidth, or memory limitations [IERC15].
Sujet :
The main challenge is to find out how clients and servers can agree on the expected (client-side) or provided (server-side) content automatically, so without the developer of the client application having to contact the server manager, or read natural language documentation. The objective of this thesis is to : (1) determine what properties the client and the server could agree on to negotiate content beyond its simple syntax; (2) define the mechanism (in terms of protocol and algorithm) allowing the client to announce its expectations and how the server reacts to these requirements; (3) consider making negotiation more flexible by introducing an external service in charge of mediation between client and server (data transformation, inference or validation system); (4) introduce a declarative formalism allowing the server to describe the logical and structural properties of its data (possibly relying on SPARQL 1.1 Service Description [Will13], Thing Description [Kab20], or various forms of content descriptions, e.g., [Thu18]).
Previous and ongoing work has been and are being conducted in extending content negotiation towards more flexibility such as [Hol98], [Sve19] or [Lef18].
[Fie14] R. Fielding, J. Reschke. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content (Section 5.3: Content Negotiation). RFC7231. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231. June 2014.
[Gli13] B. Glimm, C. Ogbuji. SPARQL 1.1 Entailment Regimes. W3C Recommendation 21 March 2013 http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-entailment/ 2013.
[Hol98] K. Holtman, A. Mutz. Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP, IE4TD Request for Comments RFC2295, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2295, 1998.
[Jac04] I. Jacobs, N. Walsh. Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One. W3C Recommendation 15 December 2004. https://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/, 2004.
[Kab20] S. Käbisch, T. Kamiya, M. McCool, V. Charpenay, M. Kovatsch. W3C. Web of Things (WoT) Thing Description. W3C Candidate Recommendation 6 November 2019. https://www.w3.org/TR/wot-thing-description/ 2019.
[Lef18] M. Lefrançois. RDF presentation and correct content conveyance for legacy services and the Web of Things. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on the Internet of Things. 2018.
[Sve19] L. G. Svensson, R. Atkinson, N. J. Car, R. Verborgh. Content Negotiation by Profile, W3C Working Draft 26 November 2019. https://www.w3.org/TR/dx-prof-conneg/, 2019.
[Thu18] A. S. Thuluva, D. Anicic, S. Rudolph. IoT Semantic Interoperability with Device Description Shapes. In Proc. of ESWC 2018.
[Obr03] L. Obrst. Ontologies for semantically interoperable systems. In CIKM: 366-369, 2003.
[Wil13] G. T. Williams. SPARQL 1.1 Service Description. W3C Recommendation 21 March 2013 https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-service-description/ 2013.
[Zim14] A. Zimmermann. RDF 1.1: On Semantics of RDF Datasets. W3C Working Group Note 25 February 2014 https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-datasets/ 2014.
[IERC15] IoT European Research Cluster (IERC). IoT Semantic Interoperability: research challenges, best practices, recommendations and next steps. Technical Report, 2015.
Profil du candidat :
Master in computer Science with good theoretical and practical knowledge of Semantic Web Technologies. Programming skills.
Education: MSc (with distinction)
Specialties: Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence > { Linked Data, Semantic Web, Symbolic Artificial Intelligence }
Very good level in logic
Programming skills
Good interpersonal skills
Languages: English (French is a plus)
Good autonomy
Formation et compétences requises :
Applications should be submitted by e-mail to antoine.zimmermann@emse.fr and maxime.lefrancois@emse.fr with the reference: PhD_SemConneg_2020
Knowledge of Semantic Web Technologies is mandatory.
The position is available immediately and application evaluation will be continuous until the position is filled. Interested candidates should submit:
Curriculum Vitae
Motivation letter
University transcript
Recommendations from past supervisors or professors
Adresse d’emploi :
Employer: MINES Saint-Étienne, an IMT graduate school
Lab: Laboratoire d’Informatique, de Modélisation et d’Optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS)
Location: Saint-Étienne, France
Advisors:
Antoine Zimmermann, Associate Professor, Mines Saint-Étienne IMT
Maxime Lefrançois, Associate Professor, Mines Saint-Étienne IMT
Mireille Batton-Hubert, Professor IMT, Mines Saint-Étienne IMT